# Open for Business

> Open for Business is a coalition of global companies and a UK-registered charity (no. 1184327) producing research on the economic and business case for LGBTQ+ inclusion. Since 2015 it has published country and regional reports estimating the cost of LGBTQ+ exclusion, the City Ratings index of 149 cities, and the Investor Guide series on corporate performance. Research is overseen by an independent Research Advisory Board.

## Headline findings

- [The Economic Case for LGBTQ+ Inclusion](https://www.open-for-business.org/the-economic-case): the 27 propositions linking inclusion to economic, business and individual performance, drawn from a review of hundreds of academic studies, business reports and datasets.
- [City Ratings 2025](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/open-for-business-city-ratings-2025): benchmarks 149 cities on LGBTQ+ inclusion and economic competitiveness; Copenhagen ranked first. Cities in the top quartile for inclusion score 4× higher on human capital and 2× on innovation.
- [Investor Guide to LGBTQ+ Inclusion](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/investor-guide-to-lgbtq-inclusion-2024): why LGBTQ+ inclusion matters to investors and how to assess companies on it.

## Country and regional reports

- [Japan (2026)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/japan-briefing): LGBTQ+ exclusion costs Japan ¥6.04–16.42 trillion a year, 0.87–2.38% of GDP (US$37.3–101.5 billion).
- [Indonesia (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-southeast-asia-2024-indonesia-focus): US$5.4–14.5 billion a year, 0.41–1.1% of GDP.
- [Vietnam (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-southeast-asia-2024-vietnam-focus): US$2.3–6.0 billion a year, 0.57–1.47% of GDP.
- [Malaysia (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-southeast-asia-2024-malaysia-focus): US$1.4–3.7 billion a year, 0.35–0.91% of GDP.
- [Thailand (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-southeast-asia-2024-thailand-focus): US$1.5–3.5 billion a year, 0.30–0.70% of GDP.
- [Philippines (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-the-philippines-2025): US$1.2–2.7 billion a year, 0.30–0.67% of GDP.
- [Singapore (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-southeast-asia-2024-singapore-focus): US$882 million–2.0 billion a year, 0.19–0.43% of GDP.
- [Uganda (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-east-africa-2025-uganda-focus): US$586 million–2.4 billion a year, 1.1–4.6% of GDP.
- [Kenya (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-east-africa-2025-kenya-focus): US$360 million–1.5 billion a year, 0.33–1.38% of GDP.
- [Tanzania (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-east-africa-2025-tanzania-focus): US$247 million–1.1 billion a year, 0.31–1.33% of GDP.
- [Rwanda (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-east-africa-2025-rwanda-focus): US$12–45 million a year, 0.09–0.32% of GDP.
- [Poland (2025)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-poland-2025): US$2.9–5.0 billion a year, 0.35–0.62% of GDP.
- [Hungary (2024)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-hungary-2024): US$232–376 million a year, 0.14–0.23% of GDP.
- [Serbia (2024)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-serbia-2024): US$402–443 million a year, 0.63–0.70% of GDP.
- [Central and Eastern Europe (2021)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-central-and-eastern-europe-cee-2021): Romania US$1.6–4.4 billion (0.63–1.75% of GDP) and Ukraine US$553 million–1.3 billion (0.36–0.87%) a year.
- [Uzbekistan (2021)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-uzbekistan-2021): US$314 million a year, 0.5% of GDP.
- [Caribbean (2021)](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports/the-economic-case-for-lgbtq-inclusion-in-the-caribbean-2021): 12 English-speaking countries lose US$1.5–4.2 billion a year, 2.1–5.7% of regional GDP.

## About

- [Our Reports](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-reports): full catalogue of research since 2015.
- [The Coalition](https://www.open-for-business.org/the-coalition): the global companies that fund and shape the research.
- [Research Advisory Board](https://www.open-for-business.org/research-advisory-board): independent academic oversight.
- [Contact](https://www.open-for-business.org/contact): enquiries about using or citing the research.

## Optional

- [Impact reports](https://www.open-for-business.org/our-impact): annual summaries of reach and outcomes.
- [City Ratings site](https://www.citiesreport.open-for-business.org): full interactive City Ratings data.